miRNA141表达的调控对人前列腺癌DU145细胞恶性生物行为的影响

目的：研究microRNA-141（miR-141）表达的调控对人前列腺癌细胞系DU145细胞增殖、周期、凋亡、侵袭和迁移等恶性生物学行为的影响及其作用机制。方法：利用脂质体Lipofectamine2000将miR-141 mimics（miR-141 up组）和miR-141 inhibi‐tiors（miR-141 down 组）分别转染至人前列腺癌DU145细胞中，同时设置未转染组（Control组）和miRNA无义序列转染组（NC组）。qPCR检测转染前后各组DU145细胞中miR-141表达变化，MTT方法检测各组DU145细胞的增殖活力和对顺铂（DDP）作用敏感性变化，流式细胞术检测各组DU145细胞周期和顺铂作用下凋亡率变化，Transwell方法检测各组细胞侵袭和迁移能力的变化，Western blotting检测各组细胞中VEGF、EGFR蛋白表达量变化。结果：与Control组和NC组相比，miR-141 down组DU145细胞中miRNA-141表达水平下降为（0.18±0.08），其细胞增殖活力显著下降而对DDP敏感性显著上升、细胞周期被阻滞于G0+G1期而细胞凋亡率显著上升至（46.67±5.86）%、细胞侵袭率和迁移率分别显著下降至（44.34±8.32）%和（57.73±6.19）%、VEGF和EGFR相对表达量分别下降至（0.47±0.06）和（0.36±0.06）（上述各指标分别P<0.05或P<0.01）。miR-141 up组DU145细胞中miR‐NA-141表达水平上升为（4.23±0.53），其细胞增殖活力显著上升而对DDP敏感性显著下降、细胞周期提前进入S和G2期而细胞凋亡率显著下降至（18.77±4.24）%、细胞侵袭率和迁移率分别显著上升至（89.94±6.34）%和（94.44±5.84）%、VEGF和EGFR相对表达量分别上升至（0.89±0.07）和（0.73±0.06）（上述各指标分别P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：miR-141在前列腺癌DU145细胞中发挥促癌因子作用，其下调表达能够显著抑制DU145细胞增殖活力、周期、侵袭与迁移，而促进对DDP的敏感性和细胞凋亡，其机制可能与其抑制VEGF和EGFR蛋白表达有关。     

Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy with one minute of electrostatic precipitation (ePIPAC) is feasible,but the histological tumor response in peritoneal metastasis is insufficient

IntroductionElectrostatic precipitation Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (ePIPAC) has shown superior penetration depth and tissue uptake compared to standard PIPAC. We investigated the feasibility and objective tumor response to ePIPAC with 1 min of precipitation in patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM).Materials and methodsPatients with PM from various abdominal cancers were included in an amendment to the ongoing prospective PIPAC-OPC2 trial. Colorectal and appendiceal PM were treated with oxaliplatin, patients with PM from other primaries were treated with a combination of cisplatin and doxorubicin. Three ePIPAC procedures were planned in each patient including repeated peritoneal biopsies for response evaluation. After emission to the peritoneal cavity, the aerosolized chemotherapeutics were precipitated for 1 min followed by immediate exsufflation and abdominal closure. Histological regression from the first to the third ePIPAC was evaluated according to the Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS) and compared to data from the PIPAC-OPC1 trial. Complications and toxicities were recorded according to Dindo-Clavien and CTCAE.ResultsSixty-five ePIPAC procedures were performed in 33 patients (median 2, range 1–6). Ten patients were eligible for response evaluation based on biopsies from the first and third ePIPAC procedure. Four patients had disease progression, four patients had regressive disease, and two patients had stable disease according to PRGS. No life threatening adverse reactions and no mortality was observed following ePIPAC.ConclusionOne minute ePIPAC was feasible and safe, but the histological tumor response was insufficient compared to standard PIPAC directed therapy with 30 min passive diffusion time.     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移评估方法的研究现状

早期胃癌的定义为癌灶仅局限于黏膜层或黏膜下层,无论病灶大小及有无淋巴结转移。研究证实淋巴结转移是早期胃癌的独立预后因素,并且对评估早期胃癌患者的预后以及指导治疗具有重要临床意义。评估早期胃癌淋巴结转移的方法有很多,临床上常常应用CT及超声内镜等影像学检查评估早期胃癌淋巴结转移,此外病理活检、分子标志物及前哨淋巴结示踪活检等方法也在早期胃癌淋巴结转移的评估中占有重要位置,本文就早期胃癌淋巴结转移相关评估方法现状予以综述。     

外泌体在肿瘤转移前微环境形成中的作用

肿瘤的转移前微环境（pre-metastatic niche，PMN）特指原发肿瘤灶为肿瘤细胞远处播散和定植准备的微环境，此微环境的六个特征包括炎症、免疫抑制、血管生成/血管通透性、亲器官性、重编程和淋巴管生成。PMN形成的关键成分包括肿瘤源性分泌因子、细胞外囊泡（含外泌体）、骨髓源性细胞、免疫抑制细胞和宿主基质细胞等，其中，外泌体作为细胞间重要的信使，在肿瘤PMN的形成中具有重要作用。本综述就外泌体在肿瘤PMN形成中的作用进行探讨。     

Lingual lymph nodes: Anatomy,clinical considerations,and oncological significance

Lingual lymph nodes are an inconstant group of in-transit nodes, which are located on the route of lymph drainage from the tongue mucosa to the regional nodes in neck levels I and II. There is growing academic data on the metastatic spread of oral cancer, particularly regarding the spreading of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma to lingual nodes. These nodes are not currently included in diagnostic and treatment protocols for oral tongue cancer. Combined information on surgical anatomy, clinical observations, means of detection, and prognostic value is presented. Anatomically obtained incidence of lingual nodes ranges from 8.6% to 30.2%. Incidence of lingual lymph node metastasis ranges from 1.3% to 17.1%. It is clear that lymph nodes that bear intervening tissues from the floor of the mouth should be removed to improve loco-regional control. Extended resection volume, which is required for the surgical treatment of lingual node metastasis, cannot be implied to every tongue cancer patient. As these lesions significantly influence prognosis, special efforts of their detection must be made. Reasonably, every tongue cancer patient must be investigated for the existence of lingual lymph node metastasis. Lymphographic tracing methods, which are currently implied for sentinel lymph node biopsies, may improve the detection of lingual lymph nodes.